闫军,漆荣刚,吕炜东,王皓冬.考虑车辆轴荷比与弯矩极值的三维负载分布图构建方法[J].包装工程,2024,45(23):212-219.
YAN Jun,QI Ronggang,LYU Weidong,WANG Haodong.Method for Constructing a Three-dimensional Load Distribution Map Considering Vehicle Axle Load Ratio and Bending Moment Extreme Values[J].Packaging Engineering,2024,45(23):212-219. |
| 考虑车辆轴荷比与弯矩极值的三维负载分布图构建方法 |
| Method for Constructing a Three-dimensional Load Distribution Map Considering Vehicle Axle Load Ratio and Bending Moment Extreme Values |
| 投稿时间：2024-05-20 |
| DOI：10.19554/j.cnki.1001-3563.2024.23.023 |
| 中文关键词: 公路运输 装载布局 改进模拟退火算法 轴荷分布 弯矩 |
| 英文关键词: highway transportation loading layout improved simulated annealing algorithm axle load distribution bending moment |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金(62262037) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 目的 探究货车装载平衡问题中货物质量分配的精确量化方法，旨在为实际装车提供指导。方法 针对在标准载重下的某品牌货车，通过力学分析建立平衡方程，建立以最佳轴荷分配和最小化车厢弯矩为优化目标的数学模型，并纳入车厢允许弯矩、载荷转移比(LTR)及货物平均密度等约束条件。采用改进的模拟退火算法进行迭代优化，寻找最优装载布局，并利用Matlab软件进行三维负载分布图的绘制。结果 根据三维负载分布图，对某装车平台生成的装车方案进行优化，优化方案轴荷比为0.387 3，较原方案更加接近理想轴荷比，同时车厢弯矩峰值也降到4 579。总体表现为货物总重心分布更合理，弯矩和剪力图更平滑，表明车辆负载状态得到明显改善。结论 考虑轴荷比与弯矩极值的三维负载分布图构建方法，能够解决具体货车装车场景下货物质量精确分配的难题，优化了车辆的载重平衡，减少了安全隐患。实例验证表明，可依据该方法生成装车指导图并调整装载布局，对实际装车作业具有指导价值。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The work aims to investigate precise quantification methods for weight distribution in truck loading balance, with the objective of providing guidance for practical cargo loading operations. Focusing on a certain brand of truck under standard load, a balance equation was established through mechanical analysis, and a mathematical model with the optimization objectives of optimal axle load distribution and minimizing the bending moment of the carriage was established, and constraints such as the allowable bending moment of the carriage, load transfer ratio (LTR), and average density of goods were incorporated. An improved simulated annealing algorithm was adopted for iterative optimization to search for the optimal loading layout, and Matlab software was used to draw a three-dimensional load distribution map. According to the three-dimensional load distribution map, the loading plan generated by a certain loading platform was optimized, with an axle load ratio of 0.387 3, which was closer to the ideal axle load ratio than the original plan. At the same time, the peak bending moment of the carriage was also reduced to 4 579. The overall performance was that the distribution of the total center of gravity of the goods was more reasonable, and the bending moment and shear force diagrams were smoother, indicating a significant improvement in the vehicle's load state. In conclusion, the method of constructing a three-dimensional load distribution map considering the axle load ratio and bending moment extreme values can solve the problem of precise distribution of cargo weight in specific truck loading scenarios, optimize the vehicle's load balance, and reduce safety hazards. Example verification proves that the method can be used to generate loading guidance maps and adjust the loading layout, which has guiding values for actual loading operations. |
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