王勇,赵小琴,苟梦圆,谢红霞.考虑客户需求重要度的快递包裹配送车辆路径问题[J].包装工程,2025,(1):203-213.
WANG Yong,ZHAO Xiaoqin,GOU Mengyuan,XIE Hongxia.Vehicle Routing Problem of Express Package Distribution Considering Importance Degrees of Customer Demands[J].Packaging Engineering,2025,(1):203-213. |
| 考虑客户需求重要度的快递包裹配送车辆路径问题 |
| Vehicle Routing Problem of Express Package Distribution Considering Importance Degrees of Customer Demands |
| 投稿时间：2024-09-24 |
| DOI：10.19554/j.cnki.1001-3563.2025.01.023 |
| 中文关键词: 客户需求重要度 快递包裹配送 车辆路径问题 CW-PSO算法 自适应更新机制 |
| 英文关键词: importance degree of customer demands express package distribution vehicle routing problem CW-PSO algorithm adaptive updating mechanism |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金(72371044，71871035);重庆市教委科学技术研究重大项目(KJZD-M202300704);巴渝学者青年项目(YS2021058);重庆市研究生科研创新项目(CYS240508) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 目的 针对客户在配送服务方面的个性化和高质量要求，在快递包裹配送过程中考虑客户需求重要度的差异以提高客户服务质量，并降低物流网络的运营总成本。方法 首先，考虑客户需求重要度对违反服务时间窗惩罚成本的影响，构建物流运营总成本最小化的数学模型;其次，设计基于Clarke-Wright节约算法的粒子群优化(CW-PSO)算法求解模型，并在算法中引入自适应更新机制，以提高算法的全局搜索能力和求解质量;然后，将CW-PSO算法与遗传-蚁群优化算法、蚁群优化算法和头脑风暴优化算法进行对比分析，验证CW-PSO算法的有效性;最后，以重庆市某快递包裹配送网络为例，比较分析优化前后各项运营指标变化，并进行基于客户需求重要度的敏感度分析。结果 优化后车辆使用数减少了38.9%，物流运营总成本降低了43.1%，将客户划分为5类需求重要度等级得到的优化结果具有优越性。结论 本研究所提出的优化模型、求解算法和考虑客户需求重要度可有效提高快递包裹配送网络的服务效率并降低物流运营总成本，进而为物流企业的快递包裹配送问题提供理论参考和决策支持。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Aiming at the personalized and high-quality demands of customers in distribution services, the work aims to consider the difference of customer demand importance in the process of express package distribution to improve the quality of customer service and reduce the total operating cost of logistics network. First, a mathematical model was established for minimizing total operating cost in consideration of the impact of customer demand importance on the penalty cost. Next, a particle swarm optimization algorithm based on Clarke-Wright saving algorithm (CW-PSO) was designed to solve the proposed model, and an adaptive update mechanism was introduced into the algorithm to improve the global search ability and solution quality. Then, the proposed CW-PSO algorithm was compared with the ant colony optimization algorithm based on genetic algorithm, the ant colony optimization algorithm, and the brainstorming optimization algorithm to verify the effectiveness of proposed algorithm. Finally, with an express package distribution network in Chongqing as an example, the indicators before and after optimization were compared, and the sensitivity analysis based on the importance degree of customer demands were conducted. The optimization results demonstrated that the number of used vehicles is decreased by 38.9% and the total operating cost is reduced by 43.1%. The optimization results obtained by dividing customers into five importance levels are superior. The optimization model, solution algorithm and consideration of importance degree of customer demands proposed in this study can effectively improve the service efficiency of express package distribution network and reduce total operating cost, thereby providing theoretical reference and decision-making support for logistics enterprises to optimize the express package distribution network. |
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